Place : Jaipur
Festival : Gangaur Festival
Dates : 7-8 AprThe Gangaur
festival is the most important local festival of Rajasthan and is observed through out the
state with great fervor and devotion by woman folk who worship Gauri, the consort of Lord
Shiva.
Gan is a synonym for Shiva and Gaur, which stands for Gauri or
Parvati who symbolizes Saubhagya (marital bliss). Gauri is the embodiment of perfection
and conjugal love which is why the unmarried woman worships her for being blessed for good
husbands, while married women do so for the welfare, health and long life of their spouses
and a happy married life.
Rites and Ritual
The festival commences on the first day of Chaitra, the day
following Holi and continues for 18 days. For a newly-wedded girl, it is binding to
observe the full course of 18 days of the festival that succeeds her marriage. Even
unmarried girls fast for the full period of 18 days and eat one meal a day.
Images and paintings
Images of Isar and Gauri are made of clay for the festival. In some
families, permanent wooden images are painted afresh every year by reputed painters called
matherans on the eve of the festival. A distinct difference between the idols of
Teej and Gangaur is that the idol will have a canopy during the Teej Festival while the
Gangaur idol would not have a canopy.
Mehandi
The ladies decorate their hands and feet by drawing designs with
mehandi (myrtle paste). The figures drawn range from the Sun, Moon and the stars to simple
flowers or geometrical designs.
Ghudlia
Ghudlias are earthen pots with numerous holes all around and a lamp
lit inside them. On the evening of the 7th day after Holi, unmarried girls go
around singing songs of ghudlia carrying the pots with a burning lamp inside, on
their heads. On their way, they collect small presents of cash, sweets, jaggery, ghee, oil
etc. This continues for 10 days i.e. upto the conclusion of the Gangaur Festival when the
girls break their pots and throw the debris into a well or a tank and enjoy a feast with
the collections made.
This ritual is performed on the occasion of Gangaur as a reminder of
the triumph of Rao Santhal, ruler of Jodhpur, over Mir Ghudley Khan, who had carried away
140 maidens who were celebrating the festival of Gangaur, in 1548. The burning lamp
signifies the valour and chivalry of the Maharaja.
Gauri's Departure
The festival reaches its climax during the last three days. The
images of Gauri and Isar are dressed in new garments especially made for the occasion.
Unmarried girls and married women decorate the images and make them look like living
figures.
At an auspicious hour in the afternoon, a procession is taken out to
a garden, tank or a well with the images of Isar and Gauri, placed on the heads of married
women. Songs are sung about the departure of Gauri to her husbands house. The
procession comes back after offering water to the image of Gauri which faces backwards on
the first two days. On the final day, she faces in the same direction as the image of Isar
and the procession concludes in the consignment of all the images in the waters of a tank
or a well. The woman bid farewell to Gauri and turn their steps homewards with tears in
their eyes and the Gangaur Festival comes to an end.
In Jaipur, a sweet dish called Ghewar is characteristic of
the Gangaur Festival. People buy Ghewar to eat and distribute it among their
friends and relatives. A procession, with the image of Gauri, forms at the Palace Gate
known as Tripolia and moves on the city streets passing Chaugan and on to Talkatora. A
vast gathering and villagers from nearby areas witness the procession.
